ESSAYS -
LIST OF AVAILABLE ESSAYS ...
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English Commoner 1800-1850
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English Commoner 1800-1850 : This 10 page paper discusses the life of the English commoner during the first half of the nineteenth century. This was an incredibly hard life with work beginning about age five and all workers working at least twelve hours each day with only a lunch break. A lack of sanitary conditions and clean water at homes resulted in any number of diseases and early deaths. Original testimony regarding the living conditions of the working class is provided. Leisure often consisted of festivals that were raucous and drunken. Bibliography lists 6 sources. PGengcom.wps
Filename: PGengcom.wps

Reasons for the Great European Witch Hunt
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This 10 page report (which includes a 2 page annotated bibliography) discusses the witch hunt that took place in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. Religious issues, the status of women, and the hysteria of the “common” people are discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Witcreas.doc

The Decline of the Witch Hunts / The End Of The Nightmare
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A 4 page research paper which examines why the witch-hunts of Europe finally declined in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries after plaguing the continent for centuries. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Declinew.wps

Misogyny In the Extreme / The Age of the Witch Hunts
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A 10 page analysis of Joseph Klaits' book Servants of Satan: the Age of the Witch Hunts. The writer demonstrates that Joseph Klaits is an unusual scholar. Most historians, particularly male ones, have discounted the fact that most of the victims of the witch hunts were women. Klaits says straight out that 'witch craze's slaughter of women was the result of the spread of woman-hatred in the spiritually reformed elites and its application in the reformers' campaigns against folk religion' (44). No additional sources cited.
Filename: Klaits.doc

Heretic to Witch /The Evolution of Terror
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A 4 page research paper which examines how the image of the heretic evolved into that of the witch during the time of the Inquisition. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Herewitc.wps

Women & Christian Witch Hunts During The Reformation
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During the Reformation era, persecution of women whom the Catholic Church perceived to be 'witches' was at an all-time high. This 12 page paper examines sociopolitical issues from that time as well as specific theological views on witchery and witchcraft. It is argued that fear and ignorance towards women (i.e., 'the transformation of the witch from wanton woman to bad wife') led to much of the scare and confusion. A final section also compares the persecution of women as witches during the Reformation with that of Jewish people during the same period. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: Witchcra.doc

Demon Iconography Flourished Throughout The Art Of The Middle Ages
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11 pages in length. Numerous examples have been discovered of the influence, both artistically and ecclesiastically, of the presence of the devil in the lives of common people and saints depicted in the many carvings, sculptures, and paintings of medieval times. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Demonico.wps

St. Ignatius Loyola Examined
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This 5 page research paper explores the life and spiritual journey of St. Ignatius Loyola, Spanish nobleman turned founder of the Society of Jesus Jesuit mission. Specifically discussed are the circumstances which led him to dedicate his life to God, his 'Spiritual Exercises,' which laid the foundation for his order known for both spirituality and education. Bibliography lists several sources.
Filename: Stignat.doc

12th Century Renaissance & Intellect
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A 5 page paper discussing the cause of the intellectual changes that occurred during the renaissance period in Europe. Many people have stated that the cause of these changes was due to the education and knowledge available through the monasteries of that time, but the monasteries were limited to the texts they contained. Their exposure to the world outside of Europe was very limited. The idea that the Crusades changed the intellectual face of the Europeans is the argument given. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: 12cenren.rtf

Galileo Galilei - His Impact On Our Lives Today
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A 7 page paper on the Renaissance mathematician, scientist and inventor which examines his legacy to us as we live in a modern world influenced by the scientific perspectives and methods he espoused during his life. Current applications of discoveries, inventions, and philosophy of science pioneered by Galileo in a wider variety of fields are discussed. Bibliography list 17 Sources.
Filename: Galpap.wps